Esterification reaction of monocarboxylic acid and diol

Esterification reaction of monocarboxylic acid and diol
Hey, friends! Today, let's talk about the super interesting esterification reaction between monocarboxylic acids and diols in chemistry. It's like a wonderful magic party!
Monocarboxylic acids are like a lone warrior, such as acetic acid (CH3 COOH), which has only one carboxyl group (- COOH) and is a powerful weapon. And for diols, they are like sprites with two hands, like ethylene glycol (HO-CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OH).
When they meet, the scene is like a hero working with a little elf to accomplish a great feat. The hydroxyl group (- OH) in the carboxyl group (- COOH) of a monocarboxylic acid begins to negotiate with the hydroxyl group (OH) of a diol, saying, "Hey, let's combine and form a new small group." Then, a magical reaction occurs. When acetic acid and ethylene glycol react, it's like building blocks. The reaction equation is: 2CH ∝ COOH+HO-CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OH → CH ∝ COO - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OOCCH ∝+2H ₂ O. You see, it's like two acetic acid molecules each holding a "hand" of ethylene glycol molecules, and then squeezing out the "little follower" of water molecules, forming this ester (CH ∝ COO - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OOCCH ∝), which is like the crystallization of their cooperation, like a unique chemical gemstone.
For example, formic acid (HCOOH), a slightly small monocarboxylic acid, reacts with 1,2-propanediol (HO-CH ₂ - CH (OH) - CH3). Formic acid is like a stingy person, cautiously approaching the mischievous little elf of 1,2-propanediol. The reaction equation is: 2HCOOH+HO-CH ₂ - CH (OH) - CH3 → HCOO-CH ₂ - CH (- OOC-H) - CH3+2H ₂ O. It's like a stingy and mischievous person reaching some kind of agreement, then generating something new and driving away the small trouble of water.

There is also benzoic acid (C ₆ H ₅ COOH), like a noble monocarboxylic acid wearing a glamorous robe, which meets 1,4-butanediol (HO-CH ₂ - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OH). The carboxyl group of benzoic acid and the hydroxyl group of 1,4-butanediol begin to interact. The reaction equation is: 2C ₆ H ₅ COOH+HO-CH ₂ - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OH → C ₆ H ₅ COO - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OOC - C ₆ H ₅+2H ₂ O. This is like a collaboration between nobles and ordinary soldiers, producing an ester with a noble aura, while water is like a eliminated minion.
If monocarboxylic acids are compared to solitary travelers, diols are enthusiastic companions. When propionic acid (CH ∝ CH ₂ COOH) and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (HO-CH ₂ - C (CH ∝) (OH) CH ₂ - OH) meet, their reaction equation is: 2CH ∝ CH ₂ COOH+HO-CH ₂ - C (CH ∝) (OH) - CH ₂ - OH → CH ∝ CH ₂ COO - CH ₂ - C (CH ∝) (- OOC-CH ₂ - CH ∝) - CH ₂ - OOC+2H ₂ O. It's like a traveler being pulled together by a partner to create something. The new world, while water is left in the old world.
The reaction between valeric acid (CH ∝ (CH ₂) ∝ COOH) and 1,5-pentanediol (HO-CH ₂ (CH ₂) ∝ - CH ₂ - OH) is also very interesting. Valproic acid is like a burly man, while 1,5-pentanediol is like a dancer with great flexibility. Their reaction equation: 2CH ∝ (CH ₂) ∝ COOH+HO CH ₂.
Let's take a look at the reaction between chloroacetic acid (ClCH ₂ COOH), a somewhat unique monocarboxylic acid, and 2,3-butanediol (HO-CH (CH3) - CH (CH3) - OH). Chloroacetic acid is like a strange creature with special markings, and 2,3-butanediol is like a symmetrical little doll. Reaction equation: 2ClCH ₂ COOH+HO - CH (CH3) - CH (CH3) - OH → ClCH ₂ COO - CH (CH3) - CH (CH3) OOCCH ₂ Cl+2H ₂ O. It's like a weirdo and a little doll coming together to create something new and unique, and taking away the water.

When 3-phenylpropionic acid (C ₆ H ₅ - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - COOH), a aromatic monocarboxylic acid (just imagine it's a bit fragrant because of its phenyl group), reacts with 1,6-hexanediol (HO-CH ₂ (CH ₂) ₄ CH ₂ - OH). 3-phenylpropionic acid is like a fragrant messenger, and 1,6-hexanediol is like a long chain. Reaction equation: 2C ₆ H ₅ - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - COOH+HO CH ₂ (CH ₂) ₄ - CH ₂ - OH → C ₆ H ₅ - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - COO - CH ₂ (CH ₂) ₄ - CH ₂ OOC - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - C ₆ H ₅+2H ₂ O. This is like the messenger walking a circle along the chain, forming a new connection while excluding water.
Finally, let's talk about the reaction between isobutyric acid ((CH3) ₂ CHCOOH) and 1,3-propanediol (HO-CH ₂ CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OH). Isobutyric acid is like a short and chubby little character, and 1,3-propanediol is like a thin and clever little ghost. Reaction equation: 2 (CH3) ₂ CHCOOH+HO - CH ₂ - CH ₂ CH ₂ - OH → (CH3) ₂ CHCOO - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - OOC - CH (CH3) ₂+2H ₂ O. It's like a little character and a little smart person working together to come up with a new idea, and even getting rid of the outsider water. Haha, isn't the world of chemistry super interesting?